What really made the IBM PC different from previous IBM computers was that it was the first one built from off
the shelf parts. The PDP-1's operating system was the first to allow multiple users to share the computer
simultaneously. This was perfect for playing Spacewar. A year earlier, research engineer Robert Noyce had
co-founded the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. From 1958 to 1959, both electrical engineers were working on an
answer to the same dilemma. Production models (ERMA Mark II) of the ERMA computer were built by General
ElectricERMA computers were used into the 1970s. Assembly language is always translated back into machine code by
programs called assemblers. Two computers went to the navy and the last machine went to the United States Weather
Bureau in early 1955. Sir Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn co-invented the Williams-Kilburn Tube (or Williams
Tube), a type of altered cathode-ray tube. In April 1946, a $300,000 deposit was given to Eckert and Mauchly for
the research into a new computer called the UNIVAC.
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